//! A simple crate for executing work on a thread pool, and getting back a
//! future.
//!
//! This crate provides a simple thread pool abstraction for running work
//! externally from the current thread that's running. An instance of `Future`
//! is handed back to represent that the work may be done later, and further
//! computations can be chained along with it as well.
//!
//! ```rust
//! extern crate futures;
//! extern crate futures_cpupool;
//!
//! use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
//!
//! use futures::{BoxFuture, Future};
//! use futures_cpupool::CpuPool;
//!
//! # fn long_running_future(a: u32) -> BoxFuture<u32, ()> { futures::done(Ok(a)).boxed() }
//! # fn main() {
//!
//! // Create a worker thread pool with four threads
//! let pool = CpuPool::new(4);
//!
//! // Execute some work on the thread pool, optionally closing over data.
//! let a = pool.spawn(long_running_future(2));
//! let b = pool.spawn(long_running_future(100));
//!
//! // Express some further computation once the work is completed on the thread
//! // pool.
//! let c = a.join(b).map(|(a, b)| a + b).wait().unwrap();
//!
//! // Print out the result
//! println!("{:?}", c);
//! # }
//! ```

#![deny(missing_docs)]

extern crate crossbeam;

#[macro_use]
extern crate futures;
extern crate num_cpus;

use std::panic::{self, AssertUnwindSafe};
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
use std::thread;

use crossbeam::sync::MsQueue;
use futures::{IntoFuture, Future, oneshot, Oneshot, Complete, Poll, Async};
use futures::task::{self, Run, Executor};

/// A thread pool intended to run CPU intensive work.
///
/// This thread pool will hand out futures representing the completed work
/// that happens on the thread pool itself, and the futures can then be later
/// composed with other work as part of an overall computation.
///
/// The worker threads associated with a thread pool are kept alive so long as
/// there is an open handle to the `CpuPool` or there is work running on them. Once
/// all work has been drained and all references have gone away the worker
/// threads will be shut down.
///
/// Currently `CpuPool` implements `Clone` which just clones a new reference to
/// the underlying thread pool.
///
/// **Note:** if you use CpuPool inside a library it's better accept a
/// `Builder` object for thread configuration rather than configuring just
/// pool size.  This not only future proof for other settings but also allows
/// user to attach monitoring tools to lifecycle hooks.
pub struct CpuPool {
    inner: Arc<Inner>,
}

/// Thread pool configuration object
///
/// Builder starts with a number of workers equal to the number
/// of CPUs on the host. But you can change it until you call `create()`.
pub struct Builder {
    pool_size: usize,
    after_start: Option<Arc<Fn() + Send + Sync>>,
    before_stop: Option<Arc<Fn() + Send + Sync>>,
}

struct Sender<F, T> {
    fut: F,
    tx: Option<Complete<T>>,
}

fn _assert() {
    fn _assert_send<T: Send>() {}
    fn _assert_sync<T: Sync>() {}
    _assert_send::<CpuPool>();
    _assert_sync::<CpuPool>();
}

struct Inner {
    queue: MsQueue<Message>,
    cnt: AtomicUsize,
    size: usize,
    after_start: Option<Arc<Fn() + Send + Sync>>,
    before_stop: Option<Arc<Fn() + Send + Sync>>,
}

/// The type of future returned from the `CpuPool::spawn` function, which
/// proxies the futures running on the thread pool.
///
/// This future will resolve in the same way as the underlying future, and it
/// will propagate panics.
#[must_use]
pub struct CpuFuture<T, E> {
    inner: Oneshot<thread::Result<Result<T, E>>>,
}

enum Message {
    Run(Run),
    Close,
}

impl CpuPool {
    /// Creates a new thread pool with `size` worker threads associated with it.
    ///
    /// The returned handle can use `execute` to run work on this thread pool,
    /// and clones can be made of it to get multiple references to the same
    /// thread pool.
    ///
    /// This is a shortcut for:
    /// ```rust
    /// Builder::new().pool_size(size).create()
    /// ```
    pub fn new(size: usize) -> CpuPool {
        Builder::new().pool_size(size).create()
    }

    /// Creates a new thread pool with a number of workers equal to the number
    /// of CPUs on the host.
    ///
    /// This is a shortcut for:
    /// ```rust
    /// Builder::new().create()
    /// ```
    pub fn new_num_cpus() -> CpuPool {
        Builder::new().create()
    }

    /// Spawns a future to run on this thread pool, returning a future
    /// representing the produced value.
    ///
    /// This function will execute the future `f` on the associated thread
    /// pool, and return a future representing the finished computation. The
    /// returned future serves as a proxy to the computation that `F` is
    /// running.
    ///
    /// To simply run an arbitrary closure on a thread pool and extract the
    /// result, you can use the `futures::lazy` combinator to defer work to
    /// executing on the thread pool itself.
    ///
    /// Note that if the future `f` panics it will be caught by default and the
    /// returned future will propagate the panic. That is, panics will not tear
    /// down the thread pool and will be propagated to the returned future's
    /// `poll` method if queried.
    ///
    /// If the returned future is dropped then this `CpuPool` will attempt to
    /// cancel the computation, if possible. That is, if the computation is in
    /// the middle of working, it will be interrupted when possible.
    pub fn spawn<F>(&self, f: F) -> CpuFuture<F::Item, F::Error>
        where F: Future + Send + 'static,
              F::Item: Send + 'static,
              F::Error: Send + 'static,
    {
        let (tx, rx) = oneshot();
        // AssertUnwindSafe is used here becuase `Send + 'static` is basically
        // an alias for an implementation of the `UnwindSafe` trait but we can't
        // express that in the standard library right now.
        let sender = Sender {
            fut: AssertUnwindSafe(f).catch_unwind(),
            tx: Some(tx),
        };
        task::spawn(sender).execute(self.inner.clone());
        CpuFuture { inner: rx }
    }

    /// Spawns a closure on this thread pool.
    ///
    /// This function is a convenience wrapper around the `spawn` function above
    /// for running a closure wrapped in `futures::lazy`. It will spawn the
    /// function `f` provided onto the thread pool, and continue to run the
    /// future returned by `f` on the thread pool as well.
    ///
    /// The returned future will be a handle to the result produced by the
    /// future that `f` returns.
    pub fn spawn_fn<F, R>(&self, f: F) -> CpuFuture<R::Item, R::Error>
        where F: FnOnce() -> R + Send + 'static,
              R: IntoFuture + 'static,
              R::Future: Send + 'static,
              R::Item: Send + 'static,
              R::Error: Send + 'static,
    {
        self.spawn(futures::lazy(f))
    }
}

fn work(inner: &Inner) {
    inner.after_start.as_ref().map(|fun| fun());
    loop {
        match inner.queue.pop() {
            Message::Run(r) => r.run(),
            Message::Close => break,
        }
    }
    inner.before_stop.as_ref().map(|fun| fun());
}

impl Clone for CpuPool {
    fn clone(&self) -> CpuPool {
        self.inner.cnt.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
        CpuPool { inner: self.inner.clone() }
    }
}

impl Drop for CpuPool {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if self.inner.cnt.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Relaxed) == 1 {
            for _ in 0..self.inner.size {
                self.inner.queue.push(Message::Close);
            }
        }
    }
}

impl Executor for Inner {
    fn execute(&self, run: Run) {
        self.queue.push(Message::Run(run))
    }
}

impl<T: Send + 'static, E: Send + 'static> Future for CpuFuture<T, E> {
    type Item = T;
    type Error = E;

    fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<T, E> {
        match self.inner.poll().expect("shouldn't be canceled") {
            Async::Ready(Ok(Ok(e))) => Ok(e.into()),
            Async::Ready(Ok(Err(e))) => Err(e),
            Async::Ready(Err(e)) => panic::resume_unwind(e),
            Async::NotReady => Ok(Async::NotReady),
        }
    }
}

impl<F: Future> Future for Sender<F, Result<F::Item, F::Error>> {
    type Item = ();
    type Error = ();

    fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<(), ()> {
        if let Ok(Async::Ready(_)) = self.tx.as_mut().unwrap().poll_cancel() {
            // Cancelled, bail out
            return Ok(().into())
        }

        let res = match self.fut.poll() {
            Ok(Async::Ready(e)) => Ok(e),
            Ok(Async::NotReady) => return Ok(Async::NotReady),
            Err(e) => Err(e),
        };
        self.tx.take().unwrap().complete(res);
        Ok(Async::Ready(()))
    }
}

impl Builder {
    /// Create a builder a number of workers equal to the number
    /// of CPUs on the host.
    pub fn new() -> Builder {
        Builder {
            pool_size: num_cpus::get(),
            after_start: None,
            before_stop: None,
        }
    }

    /// Set size of a future CpuPool
    ///
    /// The size of a thread pool is the number of worker threads spawned
    pub fn pool_size(&mut self, size: usize) -> &mut Self {
        self.pool_size = size;
        self
    }

    /// Execute function `f` right after each thread is started but before
    /// running any jobs on it
    ///
    /// This is initially intended for bookkeeping and monitoring uses
    pub fn after_start<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> &mut Self
        where F: Fn() + Send + Sync + 'static
    {
        self.after_start = Some(Arc::new(f));
        self
    }

    /// Execute function `f` before each worker thread stops
    ///
    /// This is initially intended for bookkeeping and monitoring uses
    pub fn before_stop<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> &mut Self
        where F: Fn() + Send + Sync + 'static
    {
        self.before_stop = Some(Arc::new(f));
        self
    }

    /// Create CpuPool with configured parameters
    pub fn create(&mut self) -> CpuPool {
        let pool = CpuPool {
            inner: Arc::new(Inner {
                queue: MsQueue::new(),
                cnt: AtomicUsize::new(1),
                size: self.pool_size,
                after_start: self.after_start.clone(),
                before_stop: self.before_stop.clone(),
            }),
        };
        assert!(self.pool_size > 0);

        for _ in 0..self.pool_size {
            let inner = pool.inner.clone();
            thread::spawn(move || work(&inner));
        }

        return pool
    }
}